The resources of the Initiative
In this section, find the resources (various documents, reports, videos, etc.) published by the “4 per 1000” Initiative and its Partners.
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“The 4 per 1000 goal and soil carbon storage under agroforestry and conservation agriculture systems in sub-Saharan Africa” – 2019 – CIRAD/ M.Corbeels, R.Cardinael, K.Naudin, H.Guibert & E.Torquebiau
Marc Corbeels & al. - CIRAD.
The 4‰ initiative launched by the French government at COP21 in Paris in December 2015 aspires to increase global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at a rate of 0.4% per year.
“The root of the matter: Linking root traits and soil organic matter stabilization processes” – 2018 – V.Poirier, C.Roumet & A.D.Munson
Vincent Poirier, Catherine Roumet, Alison D.Munson.
Plant roots contribute substantially to the formation of stable soil organic matter (SOM), and there is evidence that species differ in their contribution to SOM stabilization.
“Increasing organic stocks in agricultural soils: knowledge gaps and potential innovations” – 2018 – C.Chenu, D.A.Angers, P.Barré, D.Derrien, D.Arrouays & J.Balesdent
Claire Chenu, Denis A.Angers, Pierre Barré, Delphine Derrien, Dominique Arrouays, Jérôme Balesdent.
Recent initiatives, such as the United Nations declaring 2015 as the International Year of Soils and the French "4 per 1000" initiative call attention on soils and on the importance of maintaining and increasing soil organic matter stocks for soil fertility and food security, and for climate change adaptation and mitigation.
“Impact de l’agriculture climato-intelligente sur les stocks de carbone organique du sol à Madagascar” – 2018 – Tantely Maminiaina Razafimbelo & al
Emmanuel Torquebiau & al.
L’agriculture climato-intelligente (Climate Smart Agriculture) vise à lutter contre le changement climatique et à s’y adapter tout en combattant l’insécurité alimentaire.
“Biodiversité et carbone organique des sols : entretenir les zones arides” – 2018 – IUCN/ P.Laban, G.Metternicht, J.Davies
Peter Laban, Graciela Metternicht, Jonathan Davies.
La biodiversité des sols et le carbone déterminent en grande partie le rôle de la terre dans la production de nourriture, le stockage de l’eau et l’atténuation des changements climatiques.
“Saving the climate from the ground up” – 2020 – Univ. of Bonn
Soil has the capacity to bind large quantities of carbon in the long term. An international team of researchers is now advocating effective use of this potential.
“Can N2O emissions offset the benefits from soil organic carbon storage?” – 2020 – B.Guenet, B.Gabrielle, C.Chenu, D.Arrouays & al
Bertrand Guenet & al.
To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly below 1.5°C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient.
“Changes in soil organic carbon under perennial crops” – 2020 – A.Ledo, P.Smith, A.Zerihun, J.Whitaker & al
Alicia Ledo & al.
This study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle.
“Barriers and Strategies to Boost Soil Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture” – 2020 – J.Demenois, E.Torquebiau, M.H.Arnoult & al
Julien Demenois, Emmanuel Torquebiau, Matthieu H. Arnoult, Thomas Eglin, Dominique Masse, Mohamed Habibou Assouma, Vincent Blanfort, Claire Chenu, Lydie Chapuis-Lardy, Jean-Michel Medoc and Saidou Nourou Sall.
The Paris Agreement calls for limiting global warming below 2°C. The “4 per 1,000 Initiative: Soils for food security and climate” was launched in 2015 to increase soil organic carbon sequestration with three objectives: mitigation of climate change, adaptation to climate change and improved food security.
“The technological and economic prospects for CO2 utilization and removal” – 2019 – C.Hepburn, E.Adlen, J.Beddington & al
Cameron Hepburn, Ella Adlen, John Beddington, Emily A. Carter, Sabine Fuss, Niall Mac Dowell, Jan C. Minx, Pete Smith & Charlotte K. Williams.
The capture and use of carbon dioxide to create valuable products might lower the net costs of reducing emissions or removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Here we review ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide.
“Special Report on Climate Change” – 2019 – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
The chapters posted are the Final Government Draft versions. They are subject to correction, copy-editing, layout and “trickleback” adjustments to the text of the full report to ensure consistency with the approved Summary for Policymakers
“Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition governed by aggregate protection and microbial communities” – 2019 – huqi Qin, Leiyi Chen, Kai Fang & al
Shuqi Qin, Leiyi Chen, Kai Fang, Qiwen Zhang, Jun Wang, Futing Liu, Jianchun Yu, Yuanhe Yang
Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is a crucial parameter for predicting the fate of soil carbon (C) under global warming.
“Carbon sequestration potential through conservation agriculture in Africa has been largely overestimated” – 2020 – M.Corbeels, R.Cardinael, D.Powlson, R.Chikowo & B.Gerard
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration depends on several factors, including land use, pedo-climatic conditions, topographic position and the initial SOC stock (Post and Kwon, 2000; Minasny et al., 2017).
“Matching policy and science: Rationale for the ‘4 per 1000 – soils for food security and climate’ initiative” – 2019 – JF.Soussana, S.Lutfalla, F.Ehrhardt, T.Rosenstock, C.Lamanna, P.Havlík, M.Richards, E.Wollenberg, JL.Chotte, E.Torquebiau, P.Ciais, P.Smith & R.Lal
At the 21st session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, COP21), a voluntary action plan, the ‘4 per 1000 Initiative: Soils for Food Security and Climate’ was proposed under the Agenda for Action.
“Soil carbon stocks under different land uses and the applicability of the soil carbon saturation concept” – 2019 – S.Chen, D.Arrouays, D.A.Angers, M.P.Martin & C.Walter
Songchao Chen, Dominique Arrouays, Denis A.Angers, Manuel P.Martin, Christian Walter.
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks via land management has been proposed as a temporary climate change mitigation measure.
“Accelerated Soil erosion as a source of atmospheric CO2” – 2019 – Rattan Lal
RattanLal.
Soil erosion, physical transport of soil over the landscape by alluvial and aeolian processes as source of energy, has a strong impact on the global carbon cycle (GCC).
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