The resources of the Initiative
In this section, find the resources (various documents, reports, videos, etc.) published by the “4 per 1000” Initiative and its Partners.
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“Carbon sequestration potential through conservation agriculture in Africa has been largely overestimated” – 2020 – M.Corbeels, R.Cardinael, D.Powlson, R.Chikowo & B.Gerard
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration depends on several factors, including land use, pedo-climatic conditions, topographic position and the initial SOC stock (Post and Kwon, 2000; Minasny et al., 2017).
“Matching policy and science: Rationale for the ‘4 per 1000 – soils for food security and climate’ initiative” – 2019 – JF.Soussana, S.Lutfalla, F.Ehrhardt, T.Rosenstock, C.Lamanna, P.Havlík, M.Richards, E.Wollenberg, JL.Chotte, E.Torquebiau, P.Ciais, P.Smith & R.Lal
At the 21st session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, COP21), a voluntary action plan, the ‘4 per 1000 Initiative: Soils for Food Security and Climate’ was proposed under the Agenda for Action.
“Soil carbon stocks under different land uses and the applicability of the soil carbon saturation concept” – 2019 – S.Chen, D.Arrouays, D.A.Angers, M.P.Martin & C.Walter
Songchao Chen, Dominique Arrouays, Denis A.Angers, Manuel P.Martin, Christian Walter.
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks via land management has been proposed as a temporary climate change mitigation measure.
“Accelerated Soil erosion as a source of atmospheric CO2” – 2019 – Rattan Lal
RattanLal.
Soil erosion, physical transport of soil over the landscape by alluvial and aeolian processes as source of energy, has a strong impact on the global carbon cycle (GCC).
“The “4 per 1000” Initiative: Opportunities, limitations and challenges for implementing soil organic carbon sequestration as a sustainable development strategy – 2019 – C.Rumpel, F.Amiraslani, C.Chenu & al
Climate change adaptation, mitigation and food security may be addressed at the same time by enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration through environmentally sound land management practices.
“Drivers of long-term carbon dynamics in cropland: a bio-political history (France 1852-2014)” – 2019 – J.Le Noë, G.Billen, B.Mary & J.Garnier
Julia Le Noë, Gilles Billen, Bruno Mary, Josette Garnier.
Following the COP 21, it has been widely recognized that agricultural soils may contribute toward mitigating or enhancing climate change depending on their behavior as a sink or a source of carbon (C) to the atmosphere.
“Meta-analysis on carbon sequestration through Conservation Agriculture in Africa” – 2019 – Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez & al
Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez, Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez, Gordon Conway, Manuel Moreno-Garcia, Amir Kassam, Saidi Mkomwa, Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez, Paula Triviño-Tarradas, Rosa Carbonell-Bojollo.
Africa is the smallest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions among the continents, but the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
“A global agenda for collective action on soil carbon” – 2019 – Nature Sustainability/ S.Vermeulen, D.Bossio, J.Lehmann, P.Luu & al
Policymakers and investors have perceived securing soil organic carbon as too difficult, with uncertain returns. But new technical, policy and financial opportunities offer hope for rapid progress.
“Soil organic carbon storage as a key function of soils – A review of drivers and indicators at various scales” – 2019 – Martin Wiesmeier & al
Martin Wiesmeier, Livia Urbanski, Eleanor Hobley, Birgit Lang, Margit von Lützow, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Bas van Wesemael, Eva Rabot, Mareike Ließ, Noelia Garcia-Franco, Ute Wollschläger, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner.
The capacity of soils to store organic carbon represents a key function of soils that is not only decisive for climate regulation but also affects other soil functions.
“Assessing “4 per 1000” soil organic carbon storage rates under Mediterranean climate: a comprehensive data analysis” – 2019 – R.Francaviglia, C.Di Bene, R.Farina & al
Rosa Francaviglia, Claudia Di Bene, Roberta Farina, Luca Salvati & José Luis Vicente-Vicente.
Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is considered a proxy of soil health, contributing to food production, mitigation, and adaptation to climate change and other ecosystem services.
“Soil sciences and the French ‘4 per 1000’ Initiative: The promises of underground carbon” – 2018 – J.Kon Kam King, C.Granjou, J.Fournil & L.Cecillon
The Paris Agreement reached at the COP 21 signals the new centrality of carbon sinks, including soils, as a key means of enabling a net zero carbon global balance through the development of ‘negative emission technologies’.
“Final Report of the High-Level Panel of the European Decarbonisation Pathways Initiative” – 2018 – EUROPA/ DG Research & Innovation
“Soil carbon sequestration is an elusive climate mitigation tool” – 2018 – National Academy of Sciences/ USA
Ronald Amundson and Léopold Biardeau. The need to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentrations of the atmosphere is the great environmental challenge of this century.
“Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative/ Measurement of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Systems) Methodology Determination 2018” – Gov.Australia
Josh Frydenberg, Minister for the Environment and Energy - 25/1/2018
“Carbon Market Incentives to Conserve, Restore and Enhance Soil Carbon” – 2018 – The Nature Conservancy
Soils rich in organic carbon are associated with enhanced agricultural productivity, water cycling, biodiversity and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
“Atmosphere–soil carbon transfer as a function of soil depth” – 2018 – J.Balesdent, I.Basile-Doelsch, J.Chadoeuf & al
Jérôme Balesdent, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Joël Chadoeuf, Sophie Cornu, Delphine Derrien, Zuzana Fekiacova & Christine Hatté. The exchange of carbon between soil organic carbon (SOC) and the atmosphere affects the climate and—because of the importance of organic matter to soil fertility—agricultural productivity.
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